In Situ Process Monitoring and Machine Learning Based Modeling of Defects and Anomalies in Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has made great strides in recent years however, there remain numerous persistent challenges still hindering more widespread adoption. Defects in the parts produced degrade their mechanical performance. Inconsistency in the geometry of the weld beads or undesirable anomalies such as waviness, or humps can lead to loss of geometric accuracy and in extreme cases, when anomalies propagate to subsequent layers, build failure. Such defects can be mitigated by a controls framework, which would require a model that maps undesirable outcomes to information about the process that can be obtained in real time. This thesis explores the development of a multi-sensor framework for real time data acquisition and several approaches for arriving at such a model, employing well known machine learning methodologies including Random Forests, Artificial Neural Networks and Long Short Term Memory. The merits and drawbacks of these methods is discussed, and a physics based approach intended to mitigate some of the drawbacks is explored. The models are trained first on data obtained on a single build layer, and subsequently on a multi-layer wall

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors secondary to myeloid-derived suppressor cells: A new therapeutic targeting of haematological malignancies

Producción CientíficaMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a set of immature myeloid lineage cells that include macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cell precursors. This subpopulation has been described in relation to the tumour processes at different levels, including resistance to immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Currently, multiple studies at the preclinical and clinical levels seek to use this cell population for the treatment of different haematological neoplasms, together with ICIs. This review addresses the different points in ongoing studies of MDSCs and ICIs in haematological malignancies and their future significance in routine clinical practice

La calidad en objetos de aprendizaje empleando el eMM

This article was carried out with the aim of creating tools to help in quality management for the development process of learning objects (LOs) based on Model Maturity of e- Learning called eMM (e -Learning Maturity Model). First area of eMM development process was chosen, subsequently identified and established processes of the process area chosen and began with the work of translation, purification, aggregation and interpretation for each practice. For the validation of the instruments a panel of experts was created and the Delphi and Kendall method was used to obtain the final conclusions.Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar la creación de herramientas que ayuden en la administración de la calidad en el desarrollo de objetos de aprendizaje (OAs) tomando como base el modelo de madurez de e-Learning (eMM). En primer término se eligió el área de desarrollo del eMM, posteriormente se identificaron y se establecieron los procesos pertenecientes al área de proceso seleccionada para comenzar con el trabajo de traducción, depuración e interpretación para cada práctica. Se creó un panel de expertos para la validación de los instrumentos y se emplearon los métodos Delphi y de Kendall para obtener las conclusiones finales

Por que as populações flutuam erraticamente? Tantos e tão poucos... E suas implicações no manejo integrado de pragas

Elucidating the intriguing processes that make natural populations oscilate in time has been one of the greatest chalenges for ecologists. This information is crucial for developing mathematical models that allow forecasting the oscilation time and intensity. For agricultural pests, forecasting can result in better timming of control strategies. Several hypotheses have been proposed and some of them have allowed the construction of satisfactory forecasting models, which sometimes lead to paradoxically opposite results. One peculiar characteristic of the models is that, regardless of being based in natural phenomena like density dependence, chaotic, quasi-periodic, and periodic solutions can be achieved with the values of parameter manipulation. More instigating is the scaling behavior in the frequency domain that makes these processes similar to other completely different natural phenomena that belong to the same universal class.Desvendar os intrigantes processos que levam o número de indivíduos de uma população a oscilar ao longo do tempo tem sido um dos grandes desafios dos ecólogos. A busca desta informação é crucial para o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos que permitam prever a época e intensidade das oscilações. No caso de pragas agrícolas, esta previsão pode resultar em estratégias de controle mais adequadas. Diversas hipóteses têm sido propostas e várias delas permitem a elaboração de modelos de previsão satisfatórios, porém com resultados por vezes paradoxalmente opostos. Uma característica peculiar destes modelos é que, apesar de serem fundamentados por fenômenos naturais, como a dependência de densidade, soluções caóticas, multiperiódicas e periódicas podem ser obtidas com a manipulação dos valores dos parâmetros. Ainda mais instigante é o comportamento com escalamento no domínio de freqüências, que tornam estes processos similares a outros fenômenos naturais completamente distintos, porém pertencentes à mesma classe universal

Predictive modeling of poor outcome in severe COVID-19: A single-center observational study based on clinical, cytokine and laboratory profiles

Producción CientíficaPneumonia is the main cause of hospital admission in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to perform an extensive characterization of clinical, laboratory, and cytokine profiles in order to identify poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective and consecutive study involving 108 COVID-19 patients was conducted between March and April 2020 at Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid (Spain). Plasma samples from each patient were collected after emergency room admission. Forty-five serum cytokines were measured in duplicate, and clinical data were analyzed using SPPS version 25.0. Results: A multivariate predictive model showed high hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plasma levels as the only cytokine related to intubation or death risk at hospital admission (OR = 7.38, 95%CI—(1.28–42.4), p = 0.025). There were no comorbidities included in the model except for the ABO blood group, in which the O blood group was associated with a 14-fold lower risk of a poor outcome. Other clinical variables were also included in the predictive model. The predictive model was internally validated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94, a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 95%. The use of a bootstrapping method confirmed these results. Conclusions: A simple, robust, and quick predictive model, based on the ABO blood group, four common laboratory values, and one specific cytokine (HGF), could be used in order to predict poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients.Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ( Proyecto COV20/00491)Consejeria de Educación de Castilla y León - (Proyecto VA256P20)Junta de Castilla y León y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (Proyecto EDU/1100/2017

Reflexiones universitarias. San Pedro Valencia: renovación urbana, saneamiento ambiental y emprendimientos turísticos. Otoño 2015

Los trabajos que aquí se presentan se elaboraron por las y los estudiantes como parte de las actividades del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional (PAP) “San Pedro Valencia: renovación urbana, saneamiento ambiental y emprendimientos turísticos”, durante el periodo de Otoño de 2015. A lo largo del periodo los autores compartieron sus reflexiones en torno a su percepción sobre el contexto en el que actúa el PAP; sobre las alternativas posibles a la problemática detectada y lo que significa pensar una alternativa; sobre los sujetos con los que se ha interactuado a lo largo de la experiencia de trabajo y sobre el papel del profesionista y del ciudadano en un mundo como el que nos tocó vivir. La obra está compuesta por reflexiones personales de las y los estudiantes que, explorando estas temáticas, comparten sus aprendizajes y observaciones de forma vívida.ITESO, A.C

Evaluation of cytokines as robust diagnostic biomarkers for COVID-19 detection

Producción CientíficaAntigen tests or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are currently COVID-19 diagnostic tools. However, developing complementary diagnosis tools is mandatory. Thus, we performed a plasma cytokine array in COVID-19 patients to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers. A discovery–validation study in two independent prospective cohorts was performed. The discovery cohort included 136 COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients recruited consecutively from 24 March to 11 April 2020. Forty-five cytokines’ quantification by the MAGPIX system (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX, USA) was performed in plasma samples. The validation cohort included 117 patients recruited consecutively from 15 to 25 April 2020 for validating results by ELISA. COVID-19 patients showed different levels of multiple cytokines compared to non-COVID-19 patients. A single chemokine, IP-10, accurately identified COVID-19 patients who required hospital admission (AUC: 0.962; 95%CI (0.933–0.992); p < 0.001)). The results were validated in an independent cohort by multivariable analysis (OR: 25.573; 95%CI (8.127–80.469); p < 0.001) and AUROC (AUC: 0.900; 95%CI (0.846–0.954); p < 0.001). Moreover, showing IP-10 plasma levels over 173.35 pg/mL identified COVID-19 with higher sensitivity (86.20%) than the first SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Our discover–validation study identified IP-10 as a robust biomarker in clinical practice for COVID-19 diagnosis at hospital. Therefore, IP-10 could be used as a complementary tool in clinical practice, especially in emergency departments.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant COV20/00491)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (grant CSIC-COV19-016/202020E155)Junta de Castilla y León (project COVID 07.04.467B04.74011.0)IBGM excellence programme (grant CLU-2029-02

Equidad y sostenibilidad: un nuevo paradigma de desarrollo para América Latina

El fracaso del neoliberalismo plantea la urgencia de recuperar las bases de desarrollo en América Latina. El concepto de desarrollo sostenible que hoy se expresa en la Agenda 2030 es una oportunidad para avanzar en el crecimiento económico de la región, el bienestar de las personas y la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente de manera armónica. Este ideal de desarrollo equitativo y sostenible requiere, sin embargo, la construcción de un nuevo consenso social que dé orientación a las políticas públicas en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este trabajo ilustramos, para el caso específico de la Ciudad de México, el usode dos herramientas: la «Economía de la Dona» y la «ciudad de cercanía». Dos herramientas útiles para hacer diagnósticos integrados y fáciles de comunicar sobre dónde estamos y de qué tamaño son las brechas que debemos cerrar para llegar a la situación ideal de bienestar y sostenibilidad a la que aspiramos. AbstractThe failure of neoliberal policies requires an urgent re-assessment of the development pillars in Latin America. The concept of sustainable development, contained in Agenda 2030, is an opportunity to advance economic and social development with environmental sustainability. Such ideal however, requires a new social consensus to guide public policy in the short, medium and longer term. This paper illustrates, for the specific case of Mexico City, the use of two communication tools: «doughnut economics» and the «city of proximity» that facilitate the elaboration of integrated diagnostics and quantification of development gaps that need to be filled towards the vision of societies where we all want to live

Determinación del salario y capital humano en México: 1987-1993

Este documento ofrece una evidencia de la dispersión salarial creciente, basado en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano, y trata de mostrar, mediante ejercicios conométricos simples, que el capital humano es un marco analítico útil, aunque limitado, para explicar los determinantes del ingreso laboral durante el periodo 1987-1993. Este artÌculo empieza con una discusión sobre el nivel y la dispersión de los salarios y clasifica a los trabajadores por grupos de actividad. Después, presenta la metodología empírica del capital humano, más específicamente en alternativas de estimación econométrica. Los datos son descritos y analizados en cinco pasos: discusión sobre las consecuencias del uso de control de variables, comparación de los resultados con estudios similares nacionales e internacionales, análisis de la evolución de las estimaciones durante el periodo de referencia, y reflexiones finales